Studies and Measurements of Electrical and Thermal Properties of Nanosystems
Waldemar Nawrocki 1 and
Waldemar Nawrocki 2
1. Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
2. Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
2. Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
Abstract—T In last 20 years considerable attention has been focused on investigations of both electrical and thermal properties (especially conductance) in nanosystems. The theoretical quantum unit of electrical conductance G0 = 2e2/h = (12.9 k
)-1 was predicted by Landauer [1] in his new theory of electrical conductance. The quantization of electric conductance depends neither on the kind of metal nor on temperature. The quantization of conductance in our experiment was evident, all characteristics showed the same quantization steps equal to 2e2/h. First theoretical analyses of thermal conductance in structures in the ballistic regime were made by P. Streda. Both electrical and thermal conductance of a nanostructure describe the same process: the electron transport. Beside observations of electrical conductance quantization in nanowires one can expect the thermal conductance quantization as well. Electron transport in a nanowire does two effects: an electrical current I, I = GE × 
V, and a heat flux density QD, QD = GT × T, where GE – electrical conductance of a sample, V – difference of electrical potentials, GT – thermal conductance of a sample, T – temperature difference. GE = 
× A/L, GT = 
× A/L, where is electrical conductivity, is thermal conductivity, l is length of a sample, A area of a cross-section of a sample. Quantized thermal conductance in one-dimensional systems (e.g. nanowires) was predicted theoretically using the Landauer theory. In one-dimension systems conductive channels are formed. Each channel contributes to a total thermal conductance with the quantum of thermal conductance GT0. Quantized thermal conductance and its quantum GT0 was confirmed experimentally by Schwab. The quantum of thermal conductance GT0 [W/K] = (
2kB2/3h)T. Electron transport in the nanowire itself is ballistic, it means the transport without scattering of electrons and without energy dissipation. The energy dissipation takes part in terminals. Because of the energy dissipation the local temperature Tterm in terminals is higher than the temperature Twire of nanowires itself. A heat distribution in terminals of a nanostructure should be analyzed.
)-1 was predicted by Landauer [1] in his new theory of electrical conductance. The quantization of electric conductance depends neither on the kind of metal nor on temperature. The quantization of conductance in our experiment was evident, all characteristics showed the same quantization steps equal to 2e2/h. First theoretical analyses of thermal conductance in structures in the ballistic regime were made by P. Streda. Both electrical and thermal conductance of a nanostructure describe the same process: the electron transport. Beside observations of electrical conductance quantization in nanowires one can expect the thermal conductance quantization as well. Electron transport in a nanowire does two effects: an electrical current I, I = GE × V, and a heat flux density QD, QD = GT × T, where GE – electrical conductance of a sample, V – difference of electrical potentials, GT – thermal conductance of a sample, T – temperature difference. GE = × A/L, GT = × A/L, where is electrical conductivity, is thermal conductivity, l is length of a sample, A area of a cross-section of a sample. Quantized thermal conductance in one-dimensional systems (e.g. nanowires) was predicted theoretically using the Landauer theory. In one-dimension systems conductive channels are formed. Each channel contributes to a total thermal conductance with the quantum of thermal conductance GT0. Quantized thermal conductance and its quantum GT0 was confirmed experimentally by Schwab. The quantum of thermal conductance GT0 [W/K] = (2kB2/3h)T. Electron transport in the nanowire itself is ballistic, it means the transport without scattering of electrons and without energy dissipation. The energy dissipation takes part in terminals. Because of the energy dissipation the local temperature Tterm in terminals is higher than the temperature Twire of nanowires itself. A heat distribution in terminals of a nanostructure should be analyzed. Index Terms—nanosystems, electrical conductance, thermal conductance, quantization, integrated circuits
Cite: Waldemar Nawrocki and Yury M. Shukrinov, "Studies and Measurements of Electrical and Thermal Properties of Nanosystems," International Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 301-304, August 2016. doi: 10.18178/ijeee.4.4.301-304
Cite: Waldemar Nawrocki and Yury M. Shukrinov, "Studies and Measurements of Electrical and Thermal Properties of Nanosystems," International Journal of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 301-304, August 2016. doi: 10.18178/ijeee.4.4.301-304
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